1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30430C-page 1

Devices Included in this Data Sheet:

· PIC16F83
· PIC16F84
· PIC16CR83
· PIC16CR84
· Extended voltage range devices available

(PIC16

8X, PIC16

LCR

8X)

High Performance RISC CPU Features:

· Only 35 single word instructions to learn

· All instructions single cycle except for program

branches which are two-cycle

· Operating speed: DC - 10 MHz clock input

DC - 400 ns instruction cycle

· 14-bit wide instructions

· 8-bit wide data path

· 15 special function hardware registers

· Eight-level deep hardware stack

· Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes

· Four interrupt sources:

- External RB0/INT pin
- TMR0 timer overflow
- PORTB<7:4> interrupt on change
- Data EEPROM write complete

· 1000 erase/write cycles Flash program memory

· 10,000,000 erase/write cycles EEPROM data mem-

ory

· EEPROM Data Retention > 40 years

Peripheral Features:

· 13 I/O pins with individual direction control
· High current sink/source for direct LED drive

- 25 mA sink max. per pin
- 20 mA source max. per pin

· TMR0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit

programmable prescaler

Pin Diagrams

Special Microcontroller Features:

· In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSPTM) - via two

pins (ROM devices support only Data EEPROM
programming)

· Power-on Reset (POR)

· Power-up Timer (PWRT)

· Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

· Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC

oscillator for reliable operation

· Code-protection

· Power saving SLEEP mode

· Selectable oscillator options

CMOS Flash/EEPROM Technology:

· Low-power, high-speed technology

· Fully static design

· Wide operating voltage range:

- Commercial: 2.0V to 6.0V
- Industrial:

2.0V to 6.0V

· Low power consumption:

- < 2 mA typical @ 5V, 4 MHz
- 15

A typical @ 2V, 32 kHz

- < 1

A typical standby current @ 2V

Device

Program
Memory
(words)

Data
RAM
(bytes)

Data
EEPROM
(bytes)

Max.
Freq
(MHz)

PIC16F83

512 Flash

PIC16F84

1 K Flash

PIC16CR83

512 ROM

PIC16CR84

1 K ROM

RA1

RA0

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

RB7

RB6

RB5

RB4

RA2

RA3

RA4/T0CKI

MCLR

RB0/INT

RB1

RB2

RB3

PDIP, SOIC

PIC16F8X

PIC16CR8X

PIC16F8X

18-pin Flash/EEPROM 8-Bit Microcontrollers

PIC16F8X

DS30430C-page 2

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

Table of Contents

1.0

General Description ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3

2.0

PIC16F8X Device Varieties .......................................................................................................................................................... 5

3.0

Architectural Overview.................................................................................................................................................................. 7

4.0

Memory Organization ................................................................................................................................................................. 11

5.0

I/O Ports...................................................................................................................................................................................... 21

6.0

Timer0 Module and TMR0 Register............................................................................................................................................ 27

7.0

Data EEPROM Memory.............................................................................................................................................................. 33

8.0

Special Features of the CPU ...................................................................................................................................................... 37

9.0

Instruction Set Summary ............................................................................................................................................................ 53

10.0 Development Support ................................................................................................................................................................. 69
11.0 Electrical Characteristics for PIC16F83 and PIC16F84.............................................................................................................. 73
12.0 Electrical Characteristics for PIC16CR83 and PIC16CR84........................................................................................................ 85
13.0 DC & AC Characteristics Graphs/Tables.................................................................................................................................... 97
14.0 Packaging Information .............................................................................................................................................................. 109
Appendix A:

Feature Improvements - From PIC16C5X To PIC16F8X .......................................................................................... 113

Appendix B:

Code Compatibility - from PIC16C5X to PIC16F8X.................................................................................................. 113

Appendix C:

What's New In This Data Sheet ................................................................................................................................. 114

Appendix D:

What's Changed In This Data Sheet ......................................................................................................................... 114

Appendix E:

Conversion Considerations - PIC16C84 to PIC16F83/F84 And PIC16CR83/CR84.................................................. 115

Index ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 117
On-Line Support................................................................................................................................................................................. 119
Reader Response .............................................................................................................................................................................. 120
PIC16F8X Product Identification System ........................................................................................................................................... 121
Sales and Support.............................................................................................................................................................................. 121

To Our Valued Customers

We constantly strive to improve the quality of all our products and documentation. We have spent a great deal of
time to ensure that these documents are correct. However, we realize that we may have missed a few things. If you
find any information that is missing or appears in error, please use the reader response form in the back of this data
sheet to inform us. We appreciate your assistance in making this a better document.

PIC16F8X

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30430C-page 3

1.0

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The PIC16F8X is a group in the PIC16CXX family of
low-cost, high-performance, CMOS, fully-static, 8-bit
microcontrollers. This group contains the following
devices:

· PIC16F83
· PIC16F84

· PIC16CR83

· PIC16CR84

All PICmicroTM microcontrollers employ an advanced
RISC architecture. PIC16F8X devices have enhanced
core features, eight-level deep stack, and multiple
internal and external interrupt sources. The separate
instruction and data buses of the Harvard architecture
allow a 14-bit wide instruction word with a separate
8-bit wide data bus. The two stage instruction pipeline
allows all instructions to execute in a single cycle,
except for program branches (which require two
cycles). A total of 35 instructions (reduced instruction
set) are available. Additionally, a large register set is
used to achieve a very high performance level.

PIC16F8X microcontrollers typically achieve a 2:1 code
compression and up to a 4:1 speed improvement (at 20
MHz) over other 8-bit microcontrollers in their class.

The PIC16F8X has up to 68 bytes of RAM, 64 bytes of
Data EEPROM memory, and 13 I/O pins. A timer/
counter is also available.

The PIC16CXX family has special features to reduce
external components, thus reducing cost, enhancing
system reliability and reducing power consumption.
There are four oscillator options, of which the single pin
RC oscillator provides a low-cost solution, the LP
oscillator minimizes power consumption, XT is a
standard crystal, and the HS is for High Speed crystals.
The SLEEP (power-down) mode offers power saving.
The user can wake the chip from sleep through several
external and internal interrupts and resets.

A highly reliable Watchdog Timer with its own on-chip
RC oscillator provides protection against software lock-
up.

The devices with Flash program memory allow the
same device package to be used for prototyping and
production. In-circuit reprogrammability allows the
code to be updated without the device being removed
from the end application. This is useful in the
development of many applications where the device
may not be easily accessible, but the prototypes may
require code updates. This is also useful for remote
applications where the code may need to be updated
(such as rate information).

Table 1-1 lists the features of the PIC16F8X. A simpli-
fied block diagram of the PIC16F8X is shown in
Figure 3-1.

The PIC16F8X fits perfectly in applications ranging
from high speed automotive and appliance motor
control to low-power remote sensors, electronic locks,
security devices and smart cards. The Flash/EEPROM
technology makes customization of application
programs (transmitter codes, motor speeds, receiver
frequencies, security codes, etc.) extremely fast and
convenient. The small footprint packages make this
microcontroller series perfect for all applications with
space limitations. Low-cost, low-power, high
performance, ease-of-use and I/O flexibility make the
PIC16F8X very versatile even in areas where no
microcontroller use has been considered before
(e.g.,

timer functions; serial communication; capture,

compare and PWM functions; and co-processor
applications).

The serial in-system programming feature (via two
pins) offers flexibility of customizing the product after
complete assembly and testing. This feature can be
used to serialize a product, store calibration data, or
program the device with the current firmware before
shipping.

1.1

Family and Upward Compatibility

Those users familiar with the PIC16C5X family of
microcontrollers will realize that this is an enhanced
version of the PIC16C5X architecture. Please refer to
Appendix A for a detailed list of enhancements. Code
written for PIC16C5X devices can be easily ported to
PIC16F8X devices (Appendix B).

1.2

Development Support

The PIC16CXX family is supported by a full-featured
macro assembler, a software simulator, an in-circuit
emulator, a low-cost development programmer and a
full-featured programmer. A "C" compiler and fuzzy
logic support tools are also available.

PIC16F8X

1998 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30430C-page 5

2.0

PIC16F8X DEVICE VARIETIES

A variety of frequency ranges and packaging options
are available. Depending on application and production
requirements the proper device option can be selected
using the information in this section. When placing
orders, please use the "PIC16F8X Product
Identification System" at the back of this data sheet to
specify the correct part number.

There are four device "types" as indicated in the device
number.

, as in PIC16

84. These devices have Flash

program memory and operate over the standard
voltage range.

, as in PIC16

84. These devices have Flash

program memory and operate over an extended
voltage range.

, as in PIC16

83. These devices have

ROM program memory and operate over the
standard voltage range.

LCR

, as in PIC16

LCR

84. These devices have

ROM program memory and operate over an
extended voltage range.

When discussing memory maps and other architectural
features, the use of

and

also implies the

and

LCR

versions.

2.1

Flash Devices

These devices are offered in the lower cost plastic
package, even though the device can be erased and
reprogrammed. This allows the same device to be used
for prototype development and pilot programs as well
as production.

A further advantage of the electrically-erasable Flash
version is that it can be erased and reprogrammed in-
circuit, or by device programmers, such as Microchip's
PICSTART

Plus or PRO MATE

II programmers.

2.2

Quick-Turnaround-Production (QTP)
Devices

Microchip offers a QTP Programming Service for
factory production orders. This service is made
available for users who choose not to program a
medium to high quantity of units and whose code
patterns have stabilized. The devices have all Flash
locations and configuration options already pro-
grammed by the factory. Certain code and prototype
verification procedures do apply before production
shipments are available.

For information on submitting a QTP code, please
contact your Microchip Regional Sales Office.

2.3

Serialized Quick-Turnaround-
Production (SQTP

) Devices

Microchip offers the unique programming service
where a few user-defined locations in each device are
programmed with different serial numbers. The serial
numbers may be random, pseudo-random
or

sequential.

Serial programming allows each device to have a
unique number which can serve as an entry-code,
password or ID number.

For information on submitting a SQTP code, please
contact your Microchip Regional Sales Office.

2.4

ROM Devices

Some of Microchip's devices have a corresponding
device where the program memory is a ROM. These
devices give a cost savings over Microchip's traditional
user programmed devices (EPROM, EEPROM).

ROM devices (PIC16CR8X) do not allow serialization
information in the program memory space. The user
may program this information into the Data EEPROM.

For information on submitting a ROM code, please
contact your Microchip Regional Sales Office.

Document Outline

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Document Outline

ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ‚: PIC16F8x