LM9140
Precision Micropower Shunt Voltage Reference
General Description
The LM9140's reverse breakdown voltage temperature coef-
ficients of
25 ppm/C are ideal for precision applications.
The LM9140's advanced design eliminates the need for an
external stabilizing capacitor while ensuring stability with any
capacitive load, thus making the LM9140 easy to use. Fur-
ther reducing design effort is the availability of several fixed
reverse breakdown voltages: 2.500V, 4.096V, 5.000V, and
10.000V. The minimum operating current increases from
60 A for the LM9140-2.5 to 100 A for the LM9140-10.0. All
versions have a maximum operating current of 15 mA.
The LM9140 utilizes fuse and zener-zap reverse breakdown
voltage trim during wafer sort to ensure that the prime parts
have an accuracy of better than
0.5% (B grade) at 25C.
Bandgap reference temperature drift curvature correction
and low dynamic impedance ensure stable reverse break-
down voltage accuracy over a wide range of operating tem-
peratures and currents.
Features
n
Guaranteed temperature coefficient of
25 ppm/C
n
Reverse breakdown voltage tolerance of
0.5%
n
Small package: TO-92
n
No output capacitor required
n
Tolerates capacitive loads
n
Fixed reverse breakdown voltages of 2.500V, 4.096V,
5.000V, and 10.000V
Key Specifications
(LM9140-2.5)
n
Temperature coefficient:
25 ppm/C (max)
n
Output voltage tolerance:
0.5% (max)
n
Low output noise (10 Hz to 10 kHz):
35 V
rms
(typ)
n
Wide operating current range:
60 A to 15 mA
n
Industrial temperature range:
-40C to +85C
Applications
n
Portable, Battery-Powered Equipment
n
Data Acquisition Systems
n
Instrumentation
n
Process Control
n
Energy Management
n
Product Testing
n
Automotive
n
Precision Audio Components
Connection Diagram
Ordering Information
Reverse Breakdown
Voltage Tolerance at 25C
Z (TO-92)
and Average Reverse Breakdown
Voltage Temperature Coefficient
0.5%, 25 ppm/C max
LM9140BYZ-2.5,
LM9140BYZ-4.1,
LM9140BYZ-5.0,
LM9140BYZ-10.0
TO-92
DS011393-2
Bottom View
See NS Package Number Z03A
April 1998
LM9140
Precision
Micropower
Shunt
V
oltage
Reference
1998 National Semiconductor Corporation
DS011393
www.national.com
Absolute Maximum Ratings
(Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Reverse Current
20 mA
Forward Current
10 mA
Power Dissipation (T
A
= 25C) (Note 2)
Z Package
550 mW
Storage Temperature
-65C to +150C
Lead Temperature
Z Package
Soldering (10 seconds)
+260C
ESD Susceptibility
Human Boddy Mode (Note 3)
2 kV
Machine Model (Note 3)
200V
Operating Ratings
(Notes 1, 2)
Temperature Range
(T
min
T
A
T
max
)
-40C
T
A
+85C
Reverse Current
LM9140-2.5
60 A to 15 mA
LM9140-4.1
68 A to 15 mA
LM9140-5.0
74 A to 15 mA
LM9140-10.0
100 A to 15 mA
LM9140BYZ-2.5
Electrical Characteristics
Boldface limits apply for T
A
= T
J
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
; all other limits T
A
= T
J
= 25C
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Limits
Units
(Note 4)
(Note 5)
(Limit)
V
R
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
I
R
= 100 A
2.500
V
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
I
R
= 100 A
12.5
mV (max)
Tolerance (Note 6)
16.6
mV (max)
I
RMIN
Minimum Operating Current
45
A
60
A (max)
65
A (max)
V
R
/
T
Average Reverse Breakdown
I
R
= 10 mA
10
ppm/C
Voltage Temperature
I
R
= 1 mA
10
25
ppm/C (max)
Coefficient (Note 7)
I
R
= 100 A
10
ppm/C
V
R
/
I
R
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
I
RMIN
I
R
1 mA
0.3
mV
Change with Operating
0.8
mV (max)
Current Change
1.0
mV (max)
1 mA
I
R
15 mA
2.5
mV
6.0
mV (max)
8.0
mV (max)
Z
R
Reverse Dynamic Impedance
I
R
= 1 mA, f = 120 Hz,
0.3
I
AC
= 0.1 I
R
0.8
(max)
e
N
Wideband Noise
I
R
= 100 A
35
V
rms
10 Hz
f
10 kHz
V
R
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
t = 1000 hrs
Long Term Stability
T = 25C
0.1C
120
ppm
I
R
= 100 A
LM9140BYZ-4.1
Electrical Characteristics
Boldface limits apply for T
A
= T
J
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
; all other limits T
A
= T
J
= 25C
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Limits
Units
(Note 4)
(Note 5)
(Limit)
V
R
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
I
R
= 100 A
4.096
V
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
I
R
= 100 A
20.5
mV (max)
Tolerance (Note 6)
27.1
mV (max)
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2
Electrical Characteristics
(Continued)
Boldface limits apply for T
A
= T
J
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
; all other limits T
A
= T
J
= 25C
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Limits
Units
(Note 4)
(Note 5)
(Limit)
I
RMIN
Minimum Operating Current
50
A
68
A (max)
73
A (max)
V
R
/
T
Average Reverse Breakdown
I
R
= 10 mA
10
ppm/C
Voltage Temperature
I
R
= 1 mA
10
25
ppm/C (max)
Coefficient (Note 7)
I
R
= 100 A
10
ppm/C
V
R
/
I
R
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
I
RMIN
I
R
1 mA
0.5
mV
Change with Operating
0.9
mV (max)
Current Change
1.2
mV (max)
1 mA
I
R
15 mA
3.0
mV
7.0
mV (max)
10.0
mV (max)
Z
R
Reverse Dynamic Impedance
I
R
= 1 mA, f = 120 Hz,
0.5
I
AC
= 0.1 I
R
1.0
(max)
e
N
Wideband Noise
I
R
= 100 A
80
V
rms
10 Hz
f
10 kHz
V
R
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
t = 1000 hrs
Long Term Stability
T = 25C
0.1C
120
ppm
I
R
= 100 A
LM9140BYZ-5.0
Electrical Characteristics
Boldface limits apply for T
A
= T
J
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
; all other limits T
A
= T
J
= 25C
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Limits
Units
(Note 4)
(Note 5)
(Limit)
V
R
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
I
R
= 100 A
5.000
V
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
I
R
= 100 A
25.0
mV (max)
Tolerance (Note 6)
33.1
mV (max)
I
RMIN
Minimum Operating Current
55
A
74
A (max)
80
A (max)
V
R
/
T
Average Reverse Breakdown
I
R
= 10 mA
10
ppm/C
Voltage Temperature
I
R
= 1 mA
10
25
ppm/C (max)
Coefficient (Note 7)
I
R
= 100 A
10
ppm/C
V
R
/
I
R
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
I
RMIN
I
R
1 mA
0.5
mV
Change with Operating
1.0
mV (max)
Current Change
1.4
mV (max)
1 mA
I
R
15 mA
3.5
mV
8.0
mV (max)
12.0
mV (max)
Z
R
Reverse Dynamic Impedance
I
R
= 1 mA, f = 120 Hz,
0.5
I
AC
= 0.1 I
R
1.1
(max)
e
N
Wideband Noise
I
R
= 100 A
80
V
rms
10 Hz
f
10 kHz
3
www.national.com
Electrical Characteristics
(Continued)
Boldface limits apply for T
A
= T
J
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
; all other limits T
A
= T
J
= 25C
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Limits
Units
(Note 4)
(Note 5)
(Limit)
V
R
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
t = 1000 hrs
Long Term Stability
T = 25C
0.1C
120
ppm
I
R
= 100 A
LM9140BYZ-10.0
Electrical Characteristics
Boldface limits apply for T
A
= T
J
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
; all other limits T
A
= T
J
= 25C
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Limits
Units
(Note 4)
(Note 5)
(Limit)
V
R
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
I
R
= 150 A
10.00
V
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
I
R
= 100 A
50.0
mV (max)
Tolerance (Note 6)
66.3
mV (max)
I
RMIN
Minimum Operating Current
75
A
100
A (max)
103
A (max)
V
R
/
T
Average Reverse Breakdown
I
R
= 10 mA
10
ppm/C
Voltage Temperature
I
R
= 1 mA
10
25
ppm/C (max)
Coefficient (Note 7)
I
R
= 150 A
10
ppm/C
V
R
/
I
R
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
I
RMIN
I
R
1 mA
0.8
mV
Change with Operating
1.6
mV (max)
Current Change
3.5
mV (max)
1 mA
I
R
15 mA
8.0
mV
12.0
mV (max)
23.0
mV (max)
Z
R
Reverse Dynamic Impedance
I
R
= 1 mA, f = 120 Hz,
0.7
I
AC
= 0.1 I
R
1.7
(max)
e
N
Wideband Noise
I
R
= 150 A
180
V
rms
10 Hz
f
10 kHz
V
R
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
t = 1000 hrs
Long Term Stability
T = 25C
0.1C
120
ppm
I
R
= 150 A
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is func-
tional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed speci-
fications apply only for the test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some perfor-
mance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions.
Note 2: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by T
Jmax
(maximum junction temperature),
JA
(junction to am-
bient thermal resistance), and T
A
(ambient temperature). The maximum allowable power dissipation at any temperature is PD
MAX
= (T
Jmax
- T
A
)/
JA
or the number
given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM9140, T
Jmax
= 125C, and the typcial thermal resistance (
JA
), when board mounted, is
170C/W with 0.125" lead length for the TO-92 package.
Note 3: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 k
resistor into each pin. The machine mode is a 200 pF capacitor discharged di-
rectly into each pin.
Note 4: Typicals are at T
J
= 25C and represent most likely parametric norm.
Note 5: Limits are 100% production tested at 25C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The
limits are used to calculate National's AOQL.
Note 6: The boldface (over-temperature) limit for Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance is defined as a room termperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance
[
V
R
/
T) (65C) (V
R
)].
V
R
/
T is the V
R
temperature coefficent, 65C is the temperature range from -40C to the reference point of 25C, and V
R
is the reverse
breakdown voltage. The total over-temperature tolerence for the different grades is shown below:
B-grade:
0.66% =
0.5%
25 ppm/C x 65C
Therefore, as an example, the B-grade LM9140-2.5 has an over-temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of
2.5V x 0.66% =
16.6 mV.
Note 7: The average temperature coefficient is defined as the maximum deviation of reference voltage at all measured temperatures between the operating T
MAX
and T
MIN
, divided by T
MAX
- T
MIN
. The measured temperatures are -55C, -40C, 0C, 25C, 70C, 85C and 125C.
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4
Typical Performance Characteristics
Temperature Drift for Different
Average Temperature Coefficient
DS011393-3
Output Impedance vs Frequency
DS011393-4
Output Impedance vs Frequency
DS011393-5
Reverse Characteristics and
Minimum Operating Current
DS011393-6
Noise Voltage vs Frequency
DS011393-7
5
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